The technology for constructing wooden houses “cut by hand” has stood the test of time. Log houses have been used since Russian times. In this way, houses were built for both the poor and the nobility. The wave of modern technology has taught the population a lesson; health levels have dropped significantly. This has caused an environmental boom in construction, with more and more houses being built with their own hands.
Over the long history of the technology, many variants have emerged. Today, the most actively used are Swedish, Canadian, Norwegian and Russian methods. Russian technology is divided into several subtypes:
- chopping into a bowl;
- in a huff;
- in uniform;
- in the region;
- into an igloo;
- in the paw, etc.
Of these, the most commonly used is chopping walls into paws, which will be discussed below. What is the cutting technology?
Preparation for construction
When thinking about cutting down a hut using the “in the bowl” or “in the paw” method, you first need to evaluate this project from the financial side. In practice, the costs are more than significant, although the technology involves the use of simple and accessible tools and eliminates the need to perform additional actions other than wood processing. However, everyone should be prepared for the fact that the process of cutting a log house “into a bowl” or “into a paw” will take a lot of time.
Still, this is not the same as building a frame house. Sometimes the deadlines can drag on even longer if poorly dried timber was purchased for the work. In this case, you will have to wait at least a year for the logs to go through the drying stage according to all the rules.
Foundation
If you are still determined to make a log house “in a bowl” or “in a paw,” then at the initial stage you will have to resolve the issue of the foundation. You have two options - choose a pile foundation or a regular poured one. Experts recommend choosing the first one, since it is more economical, requires less time for construction, and is also simpler in terms of technology.
Naturally, if a person gets down to business and is hearing about the “in-the-cup” or “in-the-paw” technology for the first time, then he will be interested to find out whether this work can really be done with his own hands and how the production of the log-in-the-paw takes place.
If we compare this structure with others, its main features include the presence of a regular shape and the absence of protruding ends of the logs. It is recommended to cut a log house from logs “into a bowl” or “into a paw” from timber of the same thickness.
Material
To cut “into the bowl” or “into the paw”, it is necessary to prepare the material; for this, the ends are marked on it. Elements with a minimum diameter are used first for assembly. During the construction process, you must remember that the log is always thicker on one side.
Therefore, during work, the tree can “move apart”. But you can avoid this if you make a spike in the inner corner. To apply precise markings, it is best to use templates. They are made from cardboard, and when the templates are ready, all that remains is to attach them to the ends and cut out a spike along the contour.
Joining the timber with the remainder
The easiest way to join timber in the corners of a log house is “into the floor of the tree”. A rectangular groove is cut, the dimensions of which depend on the thickness of the timber and are: The depth of the notch is half the thickness of the timber. That’s why it’s called “half a tree”.
Connecting the timber in the corners with the remainder - in half a tree, in a fat tail, in an okhryap
The “tail tail” method is distinguished by the presence of an additional tenon, which provides a stronger and more reliable connection, but requires more carpentry skill. More difficult is connecting the timber into an okhryap. Here you cannot make a mistake when calculating the width of the jumper, but it is much easier to implement than on a log: the geometry here is standard and you can use a template, which significantly speeds up the work, and then an error can only occur when cutting.
Making paws
Beginning builders are recommended to cut a log house according to the simplest scheme - a “straight claw” connection. It differs in that it has only horizontal and vertical lines of the teski. To ensure a more reliable connection of elements, it is recommended to choose cutting with an oblique paw. In this case, the inclined planes will firmly hold the log and help prevent it from twisting.
But regardless of the chosen option, the following rules must be observed during the felling process:
- As part of the preparation, the “block” needs to be cut from all sides.
- When determining the depth of the notches, they are guided by the width of the “block”.
- After the completed operations, the result should be a parallelogram-shaped structure with a square cross-section at the end.
- Markings are applied to the end, the result should be 8 identical horizontal parts.
- Next, the type of paw with which the elements will be connected is selected, and marks are placed on the plane along which they will be connected.
- The pieces of wood that are outside the boundaries of the applied marks must be carefully removed, and then, focusing on the resulting paw, a template must be made.
- The template obtained from cardboard is used when cutting the remaining logs.
Corner connections
The greatest difficulties for craftsmen who decide to cut a log house from logs arise with the manufacture of a rounded coupling in the timber. However, there is no great need for this, since there are special techniques designed for joining the crowns of logs.
- To connect the walls, a dowel is used, which seems to penetrate these structures. These fasteners are nothing more than wooden vertical nails with a diameter of approximately 30 cm and a length 20% less than the height of the frame.
- Also in construction, specific types and methods of corner joints are used. Special tenons are prepared for them, which can be composite and cut into the material.
- In the process of this work, it is necessary to strictly observe the rule: when connecting elements, which is a necessary operation when building a log or block house, care must be taken to ensure that there is a certain vertical gap. Its purpose is to compensate for the effects of natural shrinkage that accompanies the construction of each wooden object. This gap should be no larger than 0.5 cm. When making longitudinal mounting grooves, the gap size is increased to 1 cm.
Types of corner fastening with remainder
There are the following methods of corner installation with remainder:
To make it clear, let's look at the options in more detail.
"To the brink"
This type of installation involves the presence of two semicircular bowls (for logs). When assembling a log house from a log, this method is also called “in a bowl”. That is, symmetrical recesses are formed, the depth of which is ¼ of the section of the beam, and then the parts are connected according to the lock principle.
"Half a Tree"
Half-tree installation is the simplest type of fastening. It implies the presence of not only a bowl, but also a longitudinal groove filled with insulation - jute, moss or linen. The structure is reinforced with nails or staples. The structure is airtight.
"In the fat tail"
Installation “in the fat tail” presupposes the presence of a transverse recess, groove, mini-protrusions located inside the bowl-pothole, facilitating the construction of a reliable structure.
Attention! Any method, if desired, can be reinforced with a dowel - this is a cylinder-shaped dowel made of durable wood. It is mounted vertically into a drilled groove between the rims. The dowel makes the structure more stable. Long metal pins are often used for these purposes.
Construction
At this stage, a plane or grinder , with which it is necessary to level one side of the beam. It will subsequently become the inner wall of the house. The other sides are treated a little differently - they are processed at the edges.
In accordance with the accepted technology for assembling a log house, markings are applied to the site chosen for construction, after which the first two logs are placed so that they are located opposite each other. After this, two more pencils are placed on them at right angles.
The resulting square is called the main crown in construction. It must be checked for compliance with the level, and only then proceed to applying markings on both ends of each beam. Particular attention should be paid to the landing socket, the size of which should not exceed half the diameter of the beam. The created depression is used to lay the next log.
The remaining upper part of the paw must be prepared for the next element - it is leveled, which ensures a tight fit of the next element.
Sometimes builders do not have enough skills to ensure that the elements of the log house fit together as tightly as possible. If even with the help of an ax nothing can be done, then a wooden wedge that needs to be driven into the crack will help get out of this difficult situation. However, experts still recommend avoiding such connections.
At this stage of construction of a log house, it is necessary to select the type of connection. This issue needs to be given special attention, since the clutch must be as tight as possible so that the beam does not start to “walk.”
One of the schemes often used in construction is a scheme that involves making a through hole in the paw, into which a stake, called a straight tenon, is subsequently driven. You need to choose it so that its diameter is slightly larger than the hole. This operation is performed according to the chess principle. In other words, each new stake should not fall into the previous one. If there is such a need, you can reinforce the structure using straight spikes that need to be driven in around the perimeter. This measure will help avoid deformation.
A more reliable method can be proposed, however, due to its increased complexity, it is suitable only for experienced builders.
- In accordance with it, at the initial stage you need to apply markings, and there should be a spike on the paw protruding 2-3 cm upward. Here it is important to correctly determine its area, which should correspond to a quarter of the paw.
- Cut out a hole of suitable size for it.
- Within the framework of this technique, the connection of the lags is carried out according to the same scheme that is used in the children's Lego construction set.
- To install the tenon, as a rule, a place is chosen next to the inner corner.
Wood selection
Preference is given to coniferous species. Most often, pine is used, which is distinguished by a smooth trunk of uniform thickness along almost the entire length, a minimum number of knots, and resistance to decay. The best wood is considered to be from the northern zones, cut down in winter. In winter, the movement of sap in the tree is minimal, which leads to less cracking of winter preparations when dried. The blanks must have the same overall dimensions, the recommended diameter is ≥ 22 cm. The larger the better, this will reduce the number of node connections and increase the thermal performance inside the building.
The material is sanded and trimmed from the inside to the thickness of the upper section. To ensure the stability of the log house against weather conditions, the blanks must be oriented along the annual rings. The part with thin rings is located outward, and the part with thicker rings is located inward. The prepared workpieces are dried in a ventilated stack, providing shelter from precipitation. Minimum drying time ≥ 6 months.
Final work
When using this method of making a log house, it is necessary to perform additional finishing inside the room . Having finished laying the logs, they proceed to processing the material, using special compounds to prevent parasites and rot. Along with them, it is recommended to use preparations that increase the fire resistance of wooden elements.
Logs in the paw
Another mandatory operation that is performed in the process of making a log house is insulating the corners. The material can be a board, or you can take any of the modern heat insulators and lay it on the inside. As the wood dries, gaps will begin to appear between the feet. They also need to be dealt with by treating them with a solution or driving wedges into the crevices.
Common Mistakes
In accordance with the log house manufacturing , assembly is carried out using groove joints. For fastening, only wooden wedges can be used; the use of metal is not permitted by this technology. If you break this rule and use staples or metal nails, this is guaranteed to cause the wood to rot.
the shrinkage of the log house is completed , it is impossible to move on to covering the walls, terraces and ceilings, as well as flooring. Otherwise, it will be necessary to carry out a labor-intensive operation to dismantle the frame in order to correct the groove joints. The fact is that such haste can lead to the appearance of cracks and distortions in them.
What is a log house in a “paw”?
Everything is quite simple: this is a log house in which the ends of the logs do not protrude from the wall, that is, they form a regular angle like brickwork.
In this case, nothing sticks out from the building; the house (bathhouse) has a regular quadrangular (usually) shape.
To better understand what's what, watch the video below - everything is shown clearly, and at the same time you can learn some techniques for working with logs using a chainsaw. This may also be useful if you want to build your own wooden house yourself, with your own hands, and are not going to buy a finished product.
If you want to buy the foundation of a future building, go to the bottom of this page, where we talk about the comparative advantages and features of this type of log house.
